The Ethics Of Animal Testing - 2235 Words

â€Å"With all things being equal, the simplest explanation tends to be the right one† (William of Ockham). Animals generally are used to be tested on by researchers for a various amount of reasons. Researchers and scientists worldwide, are determined to find solutions to finding cures to diseases, and any other consumer products that include cosmetic products, that humans use. The term FDA (Food Drug Administration) was created in the year of 1906, by Theodore Roosevelt and Harvey Washington Wiley. This act was made to ensure that all consumer products are to be approved and protected by the public health before the products are released to be used by people. Animals are tested on by researchers before all consumer products are released†¦show more content†¦Animals should be tested to make cosmetic products because it helps the safety of people and the environment, animals are genetically close to humans, and because animals are better suited for testing than h umans. Animals should be used in testing to make cosmetic products because it protects the safety of people and the environment. The Animal Research Corporation claimed that animals â€Å"Can act as models for the study of human illness† (1). The evidence being stated is showing that this animal corporation has leading evidence that animals are a big help to humans by knowing the fact that researchers are not testing on actual people, to determine a treatment on animals without harming humans. This also gives the scientists a chance to observe if the product they use on animals will have their immune systems respond to and how it can possibly affect humans. All of the calculations and results depend on scientists experiments in their labs. Although animals may die if the product or get really sick from what scientists use, atleast they know that they have proof as to if the product works or not. Life and death of animals that are being used to make consumer products is being use d for good purposes that help human’s population. Researchers are using animals instead of humans to keep humans safe and secure. If the experiment that researchers try to study on animals does not work, they will know not to use and approve the consumer

Interface Design For An Interactive And Responsive...

Student Name: AARON MERRICK Type of Project: Research 0 Practical Implementation 1 Working Title of Dissertation: Interface Design For an Interactive and Responsive Electronic Appliances E-Commerce Website Aims and Objectives of Dissertation (e.g. purpose of study, specific hypotheses): Producing a mobile first website design that will focus on UX and responsive of an Electronic Appliances E-Commerce Website. The website will be made responsive to fit across desktop, tablet and mobile viewports. Focused on maintaining good design practises when designing the UX, Responsiveness. Methodology (procedure for solving the problem): Conducting interviews with different users about types of E-commerce websites that like and what about the websites that they dislike. Interviewing students and users to discuss concerns and possible solutions to their concerns. Research published resources on UX, HTA and responsive design and how they have an impact on designs. Researching how users use websites and how they like navigating through websites. Research if parallax websites help to keep users interested in the site or put users off. Research published resources on parallax design and how they have an impact on designs. Design tests will be carried out at different stages of the design development by users to see if the design is user friendly. If Applicable: Participants (Sample size, age group, procedure for recruitment) The participants will be university studentsShow MoreRelatedWal Mart3960 Words   |  16 PagesManagement, Reports amp; Dashboards specifically useful for your organization s sales team), â€Å"Customer Support amp; Services† (provides Ticket Management, Knowledge Base, E-mail Notifications specifically useful for your organization s customer support team.), â€Å"Marketing Automation† (provides Lead Management, Mailing Lists, E-mail/Mail Merge templates, Product Management, specifically useful for your organization s marketing team.), â€Å"Inventory Management† (provides Products, Price Books, VendorsRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pages  © Marko Merisavo and Helsinki School of Economics ISSN 1235-5674 (Electronic working paper) ISBN-10: 952-488-006-7 ISBN-13: 978-952-488-009-1 Helsinki School of Economics HSE Print 2006 The Effects of Digital Marketing Communication on Customer Loyalty: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions ABSTRACT The cost efficiency and diversity of digital channels facilitate marketers’ frequent and interactive communication with their customers. 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Figure 9.1 Data from functional area ISs support enterprise apps. CASE 1 OPENING CASE International Speedway Gets Lean\ Lean: The coreRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreCustomer Relationship Management16994 Words   |  68 PagesRelationship Management CONCEPT OF CRM INTRODUCTION TO CRM CRM (Customer Relationship Management) has been growing steadily for the last few years and is now seen as the way forward for any business wishing to thrive in the e-future . 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E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) ________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A) Marketing management B) Knowledge management C) Operations management D) Strategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective:Read MoreDell Marketing Strategies14070 Words   |  57 Pageslaptops more affordable. The inclusion of vernacular content and local language support will make laptops useful in the rural areas as well. About Dell Corporate Objectives Dell’s corporate-level strategy is one of growth. 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You may download, store, display on your computerRead MoreMarketing Thinking17817 Words   |  72 Pagesstep further and calculate the extent of each workout session by keeping track of steps, calories burned, and distance covered. (GROCERY MATE) When considering both a refrigerator and a smartphone, I noticed there has been a lack of innovation in appliances. Integrating the capabilities of a smartphone with a refrigerator can have many possibilities. For one, this refrigerator could take pictures periodically of the contents of your refrigerator. These photos would be made available via an app, so

Review of Heavy Oil Formation, Properties and Recovery Free Essays

Introduction Oils with highly high densenesss and viscousnesss are termed as heavy oils. They are composed of long and high molecular weight compounds. Heavy oils are categorized with scope that is less than 220API to 100API ( American Petroleum Institute ) gravitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Heavy Oil: Formation, Properties and Recovery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heavy oils that are less than 100API are to be referred as the excess heavy oil or Bitumen. The fluctuation between the excess heavy oils and bitumen is non merely the affair of API gravitation or their chemical composings but their Viscosity. The excess heavy oil is a type of oil that may resemble pitch sand bitumens and do non flux easy. They are recognized as holding mobility in the reservoir when compared with pitch sand bitumen which is incapable of mobility under the reservoir conditions. The word pitch sand is used to depict the sandstone reservoirs that are impregnated with a heavy and syrupy black petroleum oil that can non be retrieved through good conventional production techniques. Bitumen, referred as native asphalt includes a broad assortment of ruddy brown to black stuffs of semisolid, syrupy to brittle character that can be in nature with no mineral dross or with mineral affair contents that may transcend 50 % by weight. Bitumen is more syrupy than excess heavy oil a t reservoir force per unit area and temperature conditions. Bitumen is immobile and excess heavy oils have some grade of mobility at reservoir conditions. The ultra-heavy or excess heavy oils are denser than that of H2O which has an API gravitation of 100API. While the gravitation units API, do non depict the whole fluid belongingss of the petroleum which is represented by the oil viscousness. Like some petroleums might be of low gravitation but they have comparatively low viscousness at reservoir temperatures when compared with lighter petroleums. Heavy oils occupies scope along the continuum between ultra-heavy oils and visible radiation oils. The above estimations are mentioned by the Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) . EIA revealed that there were 1646 billion barrels of proven militias in 2013. Globally, the recoverable militias of heavy oil and natural bitumen are equal to the staying militias of the conventional oil. Harmonizing to the informations analyzed informations Middle East states dominates in footings of the conventional oil militias while the South America, well the Venezuela leads the universe in footings of the heavy oil militias. Harmonizing to the above representations of conventional oil, heavy oils and bitumen sedimentations, the conventional oil production in Canada has diminution over the past few old ages from 1.2 million bd to 1 million bd including the visible radiation and medium classs oil every bit good as the heavy oil from Alberta and Saskatchewan Fieldss as of 2006. Harmonizing to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers ( CAPP ) , during the same period of five twelvemonth span from 2001 to 2006 the entire production from the mined oil littorals and oil littorals produced in situ by the assistance of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ( SAGD ) or may be through other methods increased from the 659000 bd in 2001 to 1.1 million bd in 2006 and this estimations might travel every bit high as 4 million bd in 2020. Russia has approximately 246.1 billion barrels of natural bitumen of which 33.7 billion barrels which is about merely the 14 % of entire is recoverable. The staying 86 % can non be rea listically recovered as they exists in distant countries or scattered in many little sedimentations. The nature of heavy oil is a job for recovery operations and for polishing due to high viscousness due to which makes the rendering recovery disbursal and the presence of sulfur content may be high and increases the disbursal of polishing the oil. When compared to conventional crude oil, heavy oil typically has the low proportions of volatile components with low molecular weights and well higher sums of high molecular weight compounds of lower volatility. The high molecular weight fraction of heavy oils are comprised of complex mixture of different molecular and chemical types incorporating a assorted bag of compounds which might non needfully be merely paraffin components or asphaltene components with higher thaw points and pour points that may greatly lend to hapless fluids belongingss and low mobility of the heavy oil. The presence of asphaltene components are non merely the primary cause for the high specific gravitation of the heavy oils nor are the premier cause for production jobs. It is besides indispensable to see the content of rosin components and aromatic components presence in the heavy oil during its recovery and production. Heavy oil, as a resource is ever overlooked due to its trouble and the higher production costs involved in conveying the heavy oil onto the surface from reservoirs. As described by the geochemists that when crude oil beginning stone is generated, the petroleum oil produced by it is non heavy but it becomes heavy after the significant debasement during migration and after the entrapment. Degradation occurs through a assortment of biological, chemical and physical procedures in the earth’s subsurface beds. Bacteria borne by surface H2O metabolise the paraffinic, napthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons into heavier molecules. Formation Waterss besides remove hydrocarbons by solution, rinsing off lower molecular-weight hydrocarbons, that are soluble in H2O. The petroleum oil besides finally degrades by the devolatilization if hapless quality seals allow lighter molecules to divide and get away. The heavy oil typically forms from the younger geological stone formations like Pleistocene , Pliocene and Miocene stones. Those reservoirs possess the tendancy to be shallow deepnesss and less effectual seals in the stone formations. By early periods of 1900s, new progressed oil recovery procedures were deevloped such as Cold Production which is a primary recovery procedure. By executing the Cold Production at reservoir temperatures, the recovery effeciencies range from merely 1 % to 10 % boulder clay it reaches the maximal economical recovery factors. Oilfield companies requires long term investing for heavy oil recovery and due to the ground that heavy oil creates conveyance troubles, is a more dearly-won and polishing techniques for bring forthing marketable merchandises. Therefore their engineering value is assessed by their ability for cut downing its entire cost. Most of the heavy oil Fieldss are shallow makes the boring costs non a dominant factor but the increasing factor of figure of many-sided Wellss and horizontal Wellss makes it to present some costs durng the development phases. Within these costs, the primary costs if for the doing the heavy oil to mobilise by shooting the steam required. Every part in the universe has oil possessing different physical belongingss and is at different phase of procedure adulthood, therefore every part uses different development and production techniques forheavy oil recovery. Mechanism of formation of Heavy oil: As the specific gravitation of reservoir oil lessenings with deepness, API graity additions with deepness. The ripening phenomenon of oil takes topographic point in beginning and reservoir stones which makes the kerogen bring forthing lighter oil with deepness in the latter. Hence, the mean tendency observed worldwide is that the higher API gravitation oil is found at th increasing depths though less oil is produced with deepness. This must be pointed out that these are general tendencies but there are exclusions. There are assorted procedures that change the original oil that is produced during the migration procedure of oil and due to its subsequent accretions. Different procedures inculdes the biodegradation, H2O lavation, oxidization, deasphalting/evaporation and discriminatory migration of the igniter constituents. Biodegradation of the petroleum oils can alter the composings and physical belongingss over a certain geological timescales. Different micro-organisms that are present in the deposits of the oil bearing stones and bearing the crude oil reservoirs. They utilize the hydrocarbons as the beginning of C for their metabolic procedures. That procedure may be aerophilic or anaerobiotic. Largely the hydrocarbons are oxidized into intoxicants and acids. Simple consecutive ironss are prefered, but as the biodegradation continues, more of the complex molecules are increasingly being consumed. The long chained paraffins are oxidized for giving di-acids. Similarly, napthene and aromatic rings are oxidized to di-alcohols. This biodegradation phenomenon consequences in the loss of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon content, roll uping rosins and asphaltenes and besides lessening of API gravitation which autmatically defines as addition in denseness of the oil. The biodegradation procedure an go thro ugh if the reserrvoir temperatures do non transcend 800to 820. Heavy oils influence on Physical Properties of Rocks During Production: Heavy oils have a shear modulus, act like a solid at low temperatures. They are strongly temperature dependant. Gas coming out of the solution might be it smallest sums can bring forth a big geophysical signature. Heavy oils normally acts as the cementing agent in unconsolidated littorals. During the production, reservoir stone matrix is frequently changed structurally. Physical belongingss of the stones possesing heavy oils are largely teperature dependant and frequence dependant every bit good. Simple Gassmann permutation will neglect in heavy oil reservoirs. Crude oils which chiefly has hydrocarbons or the coompounds consisting H and C merely. Other elements such as S, N and O are besides present in small sums and are combined with C and H in complex molecules. As these oils get heavier and becoome more viscours, their composing becomes complex and they forms concatenation and sheet constructions with the addition in thir molecular weights. Heavy oil, unlike conventional crude oil can non be recovered as an accretion unless there is any reservoir trap and that requires the boundary between the cap stone or any other waterproofing agent, and the reservoir stone by and large be in a bulging upward projection form, but the exact signifier of the boundary varies widely. Many of the oil and gas accumuylations are trapped in the anticlines or domes, these constructions are more conviniently detected than any other types of traps. Heavy Oil Recovery Techniques: Surface excavation: Surface excavation procedure is a wide class of excavation in which dirt and stone overlying the mineral sedimentations are removed. It is the antonym of belowground excavation, in which the overlying stone is left in topographic point, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface excavation began in the mid-sixteenth century [ 1 ] and is practiced throughout the universe, although the bulk of surface excavation occurs in North America. Surface excavation consists of three chief stages. After depriving off and carrying the site’s peculiarly fertile overburden, the pitch sand which is in the signifier of an ore is removed utilizing prodigious power shovels and shit trucks. In the 2nd stage the ore is washed in hot H2O, bitumen, and mulcts. A dissolver is added to the mixture to advance seperation of the bitumen. eventually the residuary mixture of H2O and sand is normally transferred to big deposit basins. The clarate is recycled and the settled solids are used to make full the cavity at the terminal of extraction operations. At the surface, the sites are rehabilitated which includes replacing an replanting the fertile overburden that was stockpiled at the beginning of the the undertaking. Mentions: Schlumberger Oilfield Review Magazine, Autumn 2002 How to cite Review of Heavy Oil: Formation, Properties and Recovery, Essay examples

Tourism Supply Chains And Natural Disasters-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Tourism Supply Chains And Natural Disasters? Answer: Introducation The investigation has been conducted by the Decisive Incident Investigation Team (DIIT) that has been intended to scrutinize every detail of the Kaprun incident to uncover the actual grounds of the incident. Primarily, a team of four members who are experts in investigation had visited the scene and initiated in-depth exploration of the disaster effectually. They carry a good record in terms of quality investigation and cater effectual findings of the incidents. Summary of the incident The incident took place at Kaprun while an ascending train was heading to the Kitzsteinhorn glacier carrying 167-passengers comprising of men, women and children. While travelling on the route, a sudden fire has caught on the back end of the train while the train was passing through a 3.2 kilometers tunnel. It has created a massive loss of life resulting in death of 155 people by the fire blaze that has broken out. Besides that, two more people had died due to the inhalation of toxic smoke in the train. All the passengers who had boarded the train were mostly skiers, travelling to the glacier mountain with an objective to go for skiing (Ho Hsu, 2014). Direct evidence Although there are inadequate evidences that would assist to identify the root cause and the suspects however, there are few evidences that have been found as well as gathered from considerable sources, and those are as follows: The lower end of the train was fully burnt The walls of the tunnel have been damaged by the toxic smoke and it displays black spots all over Ashes of the burnt trains metal base has been spread all over the tunnel Melted rubbers of passengers ski boots found on the rugs of ladder which was for quick escape purpose Supporting documentation Summary of interview: An assortment of interviews has been conducted with the local people who has eye-witnessed the incident as well as the concerned railway staffs, with an objective of gathering some amount of information that would be valid in nature (Carattin Brannigan, 2014). According to the interview report of BBC news, the major reason for the incident was due to a malfunctioning radiator of the funicular train that has sparkled all of a sudden while the train was passing down the tunnel (Edgar, Sharples Sidhu, 2016). On the other hand, as stated by the president of district court of Salzburg to the concerned journalists that a amalgamation of aspects has led to this dangerous incident. Besides that, with a presentation of report that has been developed with assistance of five experts has said the ventilator of the heater inside the cabinet of driver was become jammed or blocked and which caused the blaze (Breiling, 2016). With support to the statement, he had also added that possibly there must be a leak of hydraulic oil, which was dripping from a cable into the heater and then spread all over where the blaze then inflamed heavily (Zia Mitleton-Kelly, 2013). Images of physical evidence: Please refer to Appendices 1, 2 and 3 in the Appendices section. There, the set of images that has been provided displays the leftover evidences, which was found within the spot of the incident. This would cater a clear review of the incident that has occurred during the month of November, dated 11 in the year of 2000. Interview evidence More than a few interviews have been carried out with the people living in the surrounding region as well as with the railway officials. Primarily, the interview was verbal in nature and no sound recording has been conducted due to security and privacy concerns of interviewees. However, the financial are significant and which have shed light on the investigation process effectively. Overall, seven interviews has been conducted that includes five interviewees are the local natives and two interviewees are the railway officials who were on the scene when the event has taken place. Below is the interview pattern that has been conducted. Questions Responses What is your name? My name is Johannes Judith. How old are you? Well, I am 32 years old. What is your occupation? I am a carpenter by profession What did you saw during the incident? I saw a huge cloud of smoke coming out constantly from the tunnel and a massive flame out bursting. How many casualties have you seen so far? It would be around112 people. What would be the reason behind this horrific incident? I cannot comment on this. Methods used In order to gather considerable evidences, it is significant to apply methodologies and structure to make it more effective and factual in nature. Concerning to such, a Quadrant Model has been utilized to analyse the evidences more closely and effectually. Interior Exterior Individual Negligence of duty Improper management system Burnt metal base of the train Blame on the railway officials Collective Operations of the management Compliance to duty and responsibilities Failure of railway officials in scrutinizing the details of the incident Negatives perceptions of native against the officials Fig 1: Quadrant model of Kaprun train incident Negligence of duty: It has been noticed as well as observed from the evidences and findings that there must be any sort of negligence in duty by the railways officials (Carattin Brannigan, 2013). It has been placed in the individual and in the interior quadrant as it was observed and set for first priority. Improper management system: The ineffectiveness in the management could possibly lead the incident took place (Lisanti et al., 2015). It has been placed second in the interior quadrant as it holds significance. Burnt metal base of the train: The found metal base of the train has brought significant recognition about the damages (Bjrck, 2016). Input in the exterior quadrant as it has been gathered externally. Blame on the railways officials: The public and the relatives of the victims had blamed the official for the inappropriateness on their conduct of duty. This event occurred due to the unanswered questions of the public and failure of finding the reasons behind (Silei, 2014). Operations of the management: The functionalities of the management of funicular train are not effective enough, as has lack of responsibility concerns that has made the situation critical (Ho Chen, 2015). It has been placed in the collective and exterior quadrant as the evidence gathered collectively. Compliance to duty and responsibilities: It has been identified that there must be no compliance to duty and responsibility by the officials in evaluating the train conditions effectively (Burns et al., 2013). Failure of railway officials in scrutinizing the details of the incident: The official has failed to scrutinize the details of the incident and upshot to bring a valid reason for the happening of such incident (Bossong Hegemann, 2013). Negative perceptions of natives against the officials: It has been observed by a round of interviews with the native and relatives of the victims that, they were unsatisfied and unhappy with the proceedings of their operations. Moreover, they put the blame of such incident on the railway management totally (Silei, 2014). Root cause analysis In order to analyse the actual cause of the incident, the adoption of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) would be effective in problem solving. Considering such, an effectual RCA has been performed to scrutinize the aspects that have led to the disaster. Fig 2: Root Cause Analysis Output from RCA Ineffectiveness of managements operation: The management of the funicular railway is ineffective in nature and did not conducted their efficiently. There is no specific structure of the managements operation and it way to conduct proficiently. Incompliance with rules and policies: The occurrence of such incident indicates that there must be incompliance with rules and regulation of the organisation by the officials predominantly. Negligence of duty and responsibility: There must be possibility that the official neglected their duty of care and responsibility. Concerning to failure of trains radiator and inattentive response to such malfunctioning indicates such aspect chiefly. Lack of effectiveness: In the overall, there is a lack of effectiveness in the proceedings of the railway officials to prevent any sort of futility in the operation. Conclusion This is to conclude that the factors of evidence, which have been gathered has assisted to shed a light on the investigation effectively. Besides that, it has been identified that the aspects drawn are factual and rationale in terms of reason the causation of such incident precisely. Recommendations Prevention of reoccurrence It is crucial that effective actions are essential to prevent any such similar occurrence of disaster in the near future; hence valid recommendation would be of great help in this matter. Below are some recommendations to avoid such scenarios. Restructure of the overall organisations operation Establishing a valid and rigid code of conduct Officials need to be proficient and effective in performing their duties Regular monitoring of overall operation required by the top executives Technical staffs need to be attentive and ensure smooth functioning of trains operation at all times Management system: The management required to hire employees who are experienced and skilled in this domain to handle responsibilities efficiently. Automation: The overall railways operation system needs to be automated or computerized proficiently which would help to avoid any sort of accidents or incidents. Additional staffs: The organization required to employ additional staffs who would crosscheck every technical detail prior to the journey of funicular train. Reference list: Bjrck, A. (2016). Crisis Typologies Revisited: An Interdisciplinary Approach.Central European Business Review,5(3), 25. Carattin, E., Brannigan, V. (2014). Lost in abstraction: the complexity of real environments vs the assumptions of models. InFire Evacuation Model. Tech. Conf. Carattin, E., Brannigan, V. (2013). Science or science fiction? The use of human behavioral models in fire safety regulation.Intersci. management, 553-558. Edgar, R. A., Sharples, J. J., Sidhu, H. S. (2016). Examining the effects of convective intensity on plume attachment in threedimensional trenches.Chemeca 2016: Chemical Engineering-Regeneration, Recovery and Reinvention, 613. Breiling, M. (2016). Tourism Supply Chains and Natural Disasters: The Vulnerability Challenge and Business Continuity Models for ASEAN Countries. Zia, K., Mitleton-Kelly, E. E. (2013).Agent-based modelling of large-scale socio-technical systems in emergency situations. na. Lisanti, G., Karaman, S., Pezzatini, D., Del Bimbo, A. (2015). A multi-camera image processing and visualization system for train safety assessment.Multimedia Tools and Applications, 1-22. Silei, G. (2014). Technological hazards, disasters and accidents. InThe Basic Environmental History(pp. 227-253). Springer International Publishing. Ho, Y. H., Chen, L. J. (2015). economics robustness of vehicular networks using virtual frameworks.Telecommunication Systems,58(4), 329-348. Burns, P., Stevens, G., Sandy, K., Dix, A., Raphael, B., Allen, B. (2013). Human behaviour during an evacuation scenario in the Sydney Harbour Tunnel.Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The,28(1), 20. Ho, Y. H., Hsu, W. W. (2014, June). Disaster resilient communication for tunnels and bridges. InWorld of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), 2014 IEEE 15th International Symposium on a(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Bossong, R., Hegemann, H. (2013). ANVIL deliverable 4.1: synthesis report on comparison of civil security systems.